Perhaps the decisive battle of Oliver Cromwell's campaign in Scotland, his army had crossed the Firth of Forth in an attempt to outflank the Scottish Royalist Army under David Leslie (c.1600-82) which was defending Stirling. Having landed 4500 men at North Queensferry, they were met by a similarly-sized Scottish force under Sir John Brown of Fordell. The Scots descended from their strong position above their enemy and the English army took advantage of this strategic error to bring about a sound defeat, with terrible losses on the Scottish side. Near Pitreavie, Clan MacLean was all but wiped out defending their Chief; only 40 of 800 MacLeans survived the battle, with total Scottish losses of 2000 and a further 1400 captured.
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