Anstruther Wester is a small coastal parish, which lies in Fife Council Area, some 8 miles (13 km) south of St Andrews and 13 miles (20 km) southeast of Cupar in Fife and includes a small offshore island.
It is located in the old county of Fife, which disappeared following the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1974.
The parish has an area of 3.6 sq. km (1.4 sq. miles). Anstruther Wester has 4 neighbouring parishes; namely Anstruther Easter, Carnbee, Kilrenny and Pittenweem. The boundaries of this parish were modified among significant changes recommended by the Boundary Commissioners after the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889.